… laws promoting the use of alternative fuels in gasoline, beginning with ethanol from sugarcane. This meant that the national oil company PEMEX had to find ways to implement this policy. Nevertheless, in spite of efforts by various government agencies as well as PEMEX, by mid-2014 no ethanol had been … for PEMEX, and (3) the climate change commitments for the Government of Mexico, you have been tasked to suggest the best way forward to make ethanol production a reality in …
… finally produce a workable, global scheme to reduce greenhouse gasses in the environment. Unfortunately, the conference produced little concrete action and most agreed that the final … growth of the overall market. The Kyoto Protocol was set to expire in 2012 and no one knew what system would replace the current framework. Firms such as the CCC had positioned the … growth of the overall market. The Kyoto Protocol was set to expire in 2012 and no one knew what system would replace the current framework. Firms such as the CCC had positioned the …
… hail insurance, the most common policy in agriculture. In years when crops were damaged before they could be harvested and sold, crop insurance provided resources that allowed farmers to be able to plant the following season. Settlements for … when crops were damaged before they could be harvested and sold, crop insurance provided resources that allowed farmers to be able to plant the following season. Settlements for …
… to the greenhouse effect was underway and could have potentially devastating consequences for the ecology of the planet. Since automobiles were a substantial contributor of CO2 to … diesel, battery, hybrid gas and electric systems, and hydrogen fuel cells. While GM researchers had made progress by 1998, the technical hurdles were steep; and GM believed it … groups were calling for drastic cuts in the consumption of fossil fuel. With its significant investment in new technologies, in 1998, GM believed the debate should be shifted to …
… taken off in the international market. An invisible component of many products, palm oil can be found in cookies, in chocolates, in soaps, in shampoos, and even in biofuel. This … 2000s, palm oil had become the most heavily traded edible oil in the world. Golden Agri Resources (GAR) has been in the forefront of this palm oil boom in Indonesia. Founded in 1996 by the influential Widjaja …
… In 2014, the four largest palm oil trading companies signed an agreement to end deforestation, development … crude palm oil (CPO) became the most highly traded edible oil. The palm oil boom had significant impact on economic development in rural Indonesia. Forty percent of Indonesia’s palm … to environmental concerns had their own set of questions to consider and unravel. What was the best policy for the long-term social welfare of Indonesia? How could the …
… Ash award in policy innovation, the "Nobel of policy," upon the Connecticut Green Bank for its role in "sparking the green bank movement." The Green Bank used financial … In 2017, nearly 90% of the Connecticut Green Bank's operating funds came from public sources. How then could the Green Bank, whose mission rested on building trust, both insulate … a pure financial basis, should they be kept on the balance sheet? And if so for how long? What were the political, economic, and climate risks and opportunities of a slower …
… Before the federal government discontinued the United States Department of Energy’s (DOE) … Community Programs (GCPs) relative to traditional QECBs and “qualified” projects. GCPs can issue bonds for any mix of public and/or private projects. In contrast, under the … room for creativity and adaptability to different states, locations, and projects. Source The Yale Center for Business and the Environment Areas of Focus Sustainable Finance …
… In early 2014 Alcoa announced that Ford's F-150 pick-up trucks, the best-selling vehicles in the U.S., would use … model But even with the announcement of the F-150's aluminum body, Alcoa still faced significant challenges in selling to the auto industry. First, there was the problem of consumer … steelmakers respond to losses in the auto market? Would carbon composites create a significant challenge? Sustainable Finance and ESG Circularity Equity and Justice Alcoa & the Auto …
… Electrica del Valle de México’s (EVM) wind farm, EVM’s struggling project received a significant boost. While the proposed wind farm was located in an area with abundant wind resources, absent a creditworthy off-taker the project would not have been able to line up … equity position in further energy projects, rather than simply serving as an off-taker? What technologies should Walmart de México employ to achieve its renewable energy goals? …