… finally produce a workable, global scheme to reduce greenhouse gasses in the environment. Unfortunately, the conference produced little concrete action and most agreed that the final … gas emissions were contributing to global warming. Over the next 11 years, the panel - formally convened as the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change - issued … Kyoto Protocol, set binding targets for industrialized nations to reduce their emissions by 2012 and created a trading system for credits based on the reduction of greenhouse gas …
… hail insurance, the most common policy in agriculture. In years when crops were damaged before they could be harvested and sold, crop insurance provided resources that allowed … expertise and decades of weather-related data to estimate the frequency of major weather events. It was widely acknowledged that climate change was likely to increase the frequency of major events, but it would take years for the changes to show up in actuarial models. Nonetheless, …
… to the greenhouse effect was underway and could have potentially devastating consequences for the ecology of the planet. Since automobiles were a substantial contributor of CO2 to … The wide-ranging discussions within GM had led to an ambitious program to improve the efficiency of internal combustion engines (ICE) and to seek an alternative powertrain that … more efficient diesel engines on the U.S. market. Meanwhile, international efforts to prevent global warming had accelerated. A series of UN-sponsored conferences, bringing …
… oil company PEMEX had to find ways to implement this policy. Nevertheless, in spite of efforts by various government agencies as well as PEMEX, by mid-2014 no ethanol had been … makers looked at the country's energy supply, they expected that substituting bioethanol for some portion of gasoline fuel would meet a number of the country’s needs. First, it … in gasoline blends or as pure ethanol. With all these positive indications, in 2009 and in 2012 PEMEX introduced two tender offers requesting supplier bids to provide ethanol to the …
… on Climate Change (GC3), a group charged with creating a comprehensive climate strategy for the State of Connecticut. As of September 2016, Garcia remained undecided about a key … and opponents of nuclear energy on the GC3 and Garcia was weighing each side’s arguments before announcing his own position. Connecticut had a long history of considering climate … 2050. The GC3 had been tasked to develop interim statewide greenhouse gas reduction targets for years between 2020 and 2050 and identify short- and long-term statewide strategies to …
… the business. AXA’s business had grown rapidly over the previous decades. The company was formed in the 1980s through the merger of a few mid-sized French insurance firms. From the … new metrics was a tall order, but would be another step to establishing CR inside AXA. Eventually, the company aspired to produce an “integrated report” that would define the … new metrics was a tall order, but would be another step to establishing CR inside AXA. Eventually, the company aspired to produce an “integrated report” that would define the …
… Like many countries, Australia has a large existing building stock that is responsible for a substantial percentage of its greenhouse-gas emissions. Given that it will take … Financial institutions are reluctant to lend when any claim that they might make in the event of a default is junior to the property mortgage holder. This is why the Environmental … the investment cost for energy-efficiency upgrades and the subsequent cost savings. Source Yale Center for Business and the Environment Areas of Focus Sustainable Finance and ESG …
… Ash award in policy innovation, the "Nobel of policy," upon the Connecticut Green Bank for its role in "sparking the green bank movement." The Green Bank used financial … the Green Bank lowered the cost of capital for consumers and businesses to install energy efficiency upgrades and renewable technology. It supported the banking industry in offering … as possible, and alleviating energy poverty for low and moderate-income residents? Source Yale School of Management Areas of Focus Clean Energy Sustainable Finance and ESG Equity and …
… Before the federal government discontinued the United States Department of Energy’s (DOE) … of its tax reform package, states like Virginia leveraged this program to accomplish energy efficiency goals. When evaluating how to use Virginia’s QECB allocation, decision makers … for creativity and adaptability to different states, locations, and projects. Source The Yale Center for Business and the Environment Areas of Focus Sustainable Finance and ESG …
… Initial planning and surveys began in 2011. With an official kickoff meeting in April 2012, the Sammaan team planned to begin work with city officials in two Indian cities, … slums by February 2013. Furthermore, the project team hoped to develop research from the effort to create a model that could be used by other communities, completing the research in … urban poor. The project incorporated multiple unique approaches, hoping to create a model for facilities and community education that other locations could adapt for their …