… The conference also left in doubt the future of current mechanisms such as the European CarbonMarket. The conference in Copenhagen came after 20 years of international conferences and … $64 billion by the World Bank at the end of 2007. Besides the European Market, a number of regional, voluntary markets for carbon allowances formed in the rest of developed world. …
… Pepsi has a new challenge. In 2007, PepsiCo became the first consumer company to use the Carbon Reduction Label (CRL) on packets of its Walkers Crisps potato chips in the United Kingdom. Developed by the U.K.-based Carbon Trust, the CRL is meant to communicate to consumers not only the individual product's carbon footprint but also the company's overall pledge to reduce that footprint over a …
… only in the past few decades that this tropical product has taken off in the international market. An invisible component of many products, palm oil can be found in cookies, in … concerned environmentalists. Palm oil plantations had been carved out of precious rainforest and peat land, resulting in the release of carbon into the atmosphere and the loss of habitat for rare rainforest species. Some palm …
… government of Mexico enacted a series of laws promoting the use of alternative fuels in gasoline, beginning with ethanol from sugarcane. This meant that the national oil company … no ethanol had been incorporated into Mexico's gasoline supply. As Mexican policy makers looked at the country's energy supply, they expected that substituting bioethanol for some … meet its ambitious goals addressing climate change. Third, biofuels could provide a new market for Mexico's struggling agricultural sector. Finally, PEMEX would soon face …
… diesels. The company designed, manufactured, distributed, and serviced diesel and natural gas engines, for transportation, construction, and power generation. In addition to the … Rather than spend research dollars, many other manufacturers had bowed out of the diesel market, leaving Cummins with a major market opportunity. Given its heavy R&D expense, … need for high quality diesel engines for trucking and off-road construction and later developing cleaner engines to address new emissions regulations that addressed China's …
… to the atmosphere, scientists at General Motors, the world’s largest automaker, had started looking at the greenhouse effect in the mid-1980s. The wide-ranging discussions within GM … GM believed it was nowhere near placing an automobile with a new type of powertrain on the market. Besides the technical hurdles it was facing, GM’s efforts to introduce more fuel … United States. GM did not support the Kyoto Accords because the climate agreement exempted developing nations such as China and India. However, GM did agree that global warming was …
… and chairman, wondered how his company could expand its presence in the United States market. In the previous five years, Trina, a company with manufacturing and headquarters in … of solar projects. Trina supplied modules for a number of large, signature projects, developing a strong track record. Now, the company was looking to develop similar … in solar development in Europe was the result of countries committed to reducing their carbon footprints and willing to provide generous feed-in tariffs to solar developers. On …
… university clients were either actively engaged in discussions about their exposure to carbon in their portfolio or had just framed a policy concerning carbon investing. Commonfund had been helping their clients think through these new … dilemmas. The basic question was how should they frame their investment policies regarding carbon and what should be the objective of such a policy? There were many possibilities - …
… In 2014, the four largest palm oil trading companies signed an agreement to end deforestation, development of peat lands and exploitation of locals not only with their own … represented a dramatic advance in their decades-long efforts to protect the Indonesian rainforest from further destruction. One year later the situation appeared to have reversed. … as companies ‘convinced’ local and national officials to support their land claims and look away when it came to environmental regulation. In 2013, environmental campaigners …
… the truck bed and cab. Starting with the 2015 model year, the F-150 would be the first mass-market vehicle to be built with major body construction from aluminum. Alcoa spent $300 … makers were working on lighter alloys to compete with aluminum. Meanwhile, manufacturers of carbon-fiber based composites were touting their material as even lighter than aluminum and … outside the U.S.? How would steelmakers respond to losses in the auto market? Would carbon composites create a significant challenge? Sustainable Finance and ESG Circularity …